Knowledge Artifact Metadata
Measure Metadata
Short Name Identifier BreastCancerScreeningFollow-up
Version Independent Identifier urn:uuid:2ac79a92-7d23-44d2-a937-66f13e41ffc7
Version Specific Identifier urn:uuid:03ef298c-2dd5-498e-9bd4-987994094052
Publisher (CMS) Identifier 1303FHIR
Identifier org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.Identifier@1b456f18
Version Number Draft based on 1.1.000
Rationale Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States (American Cancer Society, 2024). Survival is dependent upon cancer stage at diagnosis. Noninvasive mammographic screening is the primary screening modality used to detect cancer. Delays in diagnostic follow-up after abnormal mammographic screening results increase the risk of diagnosing cancer at a more advanced stage (McCarthy AM et al., 2016). National screening guidelines recommend that women with abnormal screening mammogram results (BI-RADS 0, 4, or 5) undergo additional follow-up imaging, including diagnostic mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound (ACR, 2017; USPSTF, 2023). While it is recommended that patients with a benign follow-up imaging result return to routine screening, those with abnormal results (BI-RADS 4 or 5) should have breast biopsy. Expert-based quality measure programs support the need to establish a reasonable timeframe that encompasses this multi-step process. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP), breast cancer screening to diagnostic resolution should occur within 60 days (DeGroff A et al., 2014). Published literature shows that long wait times to diagnostic evaluation are associated with increased tumor size and metastases in patients with delays exceeding 12 weeks (Olivetto IA et al., 2002; Ganry O et al., 2004). Federal requirements instituted by the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) are limited in their capacity to improve quality performance in different facilities as they do not provide guidelines on how to assess diagnostic timeliness (Rauscher GH et al., 2021). This eCQM can be used to address quality assessment gaps by monitoring timeliness and completeness of care in medical facilities and health systems looking to improve the breast cancer screening diagnostic process.
Clinical Recommendation Statement See measure description.
Guidance A higher score (expressed as a percentage) indicates higher quality care.
Measure Population Criteria (ID: 67db0d04ede72744898ad05d)
Initial Population ID: C559412D-AF48-4705-8D56-3966F3F18936
Description:

Patients aged 40-75 with abnormal screening mammogram (BI-RADS 0, 4, or 5)

Logic Definition: Initial Population
Denominator ID: 244F02F6-BCA2-423D-995E-5F8FF314E4DD
Description:

Equals Initial Population

Logic Definition: Denominator
Numerator ID: 93B0CFE3-9ED1-426B-8857-AB9D23619F82
Description:

Patient has follow-up supplementary imaging with negative, benign, or probably benign results or breast biopsy within 60 days of the index abnormal screening mammogram

Logic Definition: Numerator
Population Basis boolean
Scoring [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-scoring#proportion: 'Proportion']
Type [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-type#process: 'Process']
Improvement Notation [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-improvement-notation#decrease: 'increase']
Measure Logic
Primary Library https://madie.cms.gov/Library/BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
Dependency Description: Library FHIRHelpers
Resource: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/FHIRHelpers|4.1.000
Canonical URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/FHIRHelpers|4.1.000
Dependency Description: Value set Diagnostic Mammography
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.65
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.65
Dependency Description: Value set BI_RADS Categories 1, 2, and 3
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.68
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.68
Dependency Description: Value set Screening Mammogram (Grouping)
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.61
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.61
Dependency Description: Value set BI_RADS Categories 0, 4, and 5
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.67
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.67
Dependency Description: Value set MRI of the Breast
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.3157.1903
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.3157.1903
Dependency Description: Value set Ultrasound of the Breast
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.3157.1902
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.3157.1902
Dependency Description: Value set Breast Cancer Biopsy and Surgical Excision
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.66
Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.66
Parameter Name: Measurement Period
Use: in
Min Cardinality: 0
Max Cardinality: 1
Type: Period
Parameter Name: Numerator
Use: out
Min Cardinality: 0
Max Cardinality: 1
Type: boolean
Parameter Name: Denominator
Use: out
Min Cardinality: 0
Max Cardinality: 1
Type: boolean
Parameter Name: Initial Population
Use: out
Min Cardinality: 0
Max Cardinality: 1
Type: boolean
Measure Logic Data Requirements
Data Requirement Type: Observation
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-observation
Must Support Elements: code, status, status.value, value, effective
Code Filter(s):
Path: code
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.61
Data Requirement Type: Observation
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-observation
Must Support Elements: code, status, status.value, value, effective
Code Filter(s):
Path: code
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.65
Data Requirement Type: Observation
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-observation
Must Support Elements: code, status, status.value, value, effective
Code Filter(s):
Path: code
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.3157.1903
Data Requirement Type: Observation
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-observation
Must Support Elements: code, status, status.value, value, effective
Code Filter(s):
Path: code
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.3157.1902
Data Requirement Type: Observation
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-observation
Must Support Elements: effective
Data Requirement Type: Procedure
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-procedure
Must Support Elements: code, status, status.value, performed
Code Filter(s):
Path: code
ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1206.66
Data Requirement Type: Patient
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-patient
Must Support Elements: gender, gender.value
Measure Logic Definitions
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Follow-up Diagnostic Mammogram":
  [Observation: "Diagnostic Mammography"] MammogramDiagnostic
    where MammogramDiagnostic.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
      and MammogramDiagnostic.value as Concept in "BI_RADS Categories 1, 2, and 3"
      and MammogramDiagnostic.effective during day of Interval[start of "Measurement Period", end of "Measurement Period" + 60 days]
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Mammogram Screening with Abnormal Result":
  [Observation: "Screening Mammogram (Grouping)"] MammogramScreening
    where MammogramScreening.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
      and MammogramScreening.value as Concept in "BI_RADS Categories 0, 4, and 5"
      and MammogramScreening.effective during day of "Measurement Period"
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram":
  First("Mammogram Screening with Abnormal Result" AbnormalMammogram
      sort by effective
  )
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Follow-up MRI of the Breast":
  [Observation: "MRI of the Breast"] mri
    where mri.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
      and mri.value as Concept in "BI_RADS Categories 1, 2, and 3"
      and mri.effective during day of Interval[start of "Measurement Period", end of "Measurement Period" + 60 days]
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Follow-up Ultrasound of the Breast":
  [Observation: "Ultrasound of the Breast"] ultrasound
    where ultrasound.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
      and ultrasound.value as Concept in "BI_RADS Categories 1, 2, and 3"
      and ultrasound.effective during day of Interval[start of "Measurement Period", end of "Measurement Period" + 60 days]
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Has Follow-up Supplementary Imaging Within 60 Days Of Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram":
  exists ( "Follow-up Diagnostic Mammogram" FollowupMammogram
      where FollowupMammogram.effective during day of Interval["Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram".effective, "Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram".effective + 60 days]
  )
    or exists ( "Follow-up MRI of the Breast" FollowupMri
        where FollowupMri.effective during day of Interval["Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram".effective, "Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram".effective + 60 days]
    )
    or exists ( "Follow-up Ultrasound of the Breast" FollowupUltrasound
        where FollowupUltrasound.effective during day of Interval["Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram".effective, "Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram".effective + 60 days]
    )
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Follow-up Breast Biopsy Procedure":
  [Procedure: "Breast Cancer Biopsy and Surgical Excision"] BreastBiopsyPerformed
    where BreastBiopsyPerformed.status = 'completed'
      and BreastBiopsyPerformed.performed starts during day of Interval[start of "Measurement Period", end of "Measurement Period" + 60 days]
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Has Follow-up Breast Biopsy Procedure Within 60 Days of The Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram":
  exists ( "Follow-up Breast Biopsy Procedure" BreastBiopsyPerformed
      where BreastBiopsyPerformed.performed starts 60 days or less on or after "Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram".effective
  )
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Numerator":
  "Has Follow-up Supplementary Imaging Within 60 Days Of Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram"
    or "Has Follow-up Breast Biopsy Procedure Within 60 Days of The Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram"
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Initial Population":
  AgeInYearsAt("Index Abnormal Screening Mammogram".effective) in Interval[40, 75]
    and Patient.gender = 'female'
    and exists "Mammogram Screening with Abnormal Result"
Logic Definition Library Name: BreastCancerMeasureFHIR4
define "Denominator":
  "Initial Population"
Generated using version 0.4.6 of the sample-content-ig Liquid templates