define "Initial Population":
  AgeInYearsAt(date from start of "Measurement Period") in Interval[18, 85]
    and "Has Outpatient Visit During Measurement Period"
    and ( ( "Has Active Diabetes Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
          and not "Has Active Hypertension Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
      )
        or ( "Has Active Hypertension Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
            and not "Has Active Diabetes Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
        )
        or ( "Has Active Hypertension Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
            and "Has Active Diabetes Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
        )
    )

define "Denominator":
  "Initial Population"

define "Denominator Exclusions":
  "Has CKD Stage 5 Or ESRD Diagnosis Overlaps Measurement Period"
    or Hospice."Has Hospice Services"
    or PalliativeCare."Has Palliative Care in the Measurement Period"

define "Numerator":
  "Kidney Panel Resulted During Measurement Period"

define "Has Hospice Services":
  exists ((([Encounter: "Encounter Inpatient"]).isEncounterPerformed()) InpatientEncounter
      where (InpatientEncounter.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to home for hospice care (procedure)"
          or InpatientEncounter.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to healthcare facility for hospice care (procedure)"
      )
        and InpatientEncounter.period ends during day of "Measurement Period"
  )
    or exists ((([Encounter: "Hospice Encounter"]).isEncounterPerformed()) HospiceEncounter
        where HospiceEncounter.period overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )
    or exists ((([ObservationScreeningAssessment: "Hospice care [Minimum Data Set]"]).isAssessmentPerformed()) HospiceAssessment
        where HospiceAssessment.value ~ "Yes (qualifier value)"
          and HospiceAssessment.effective.toInterval() overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )
    or exists ((([ServiceRequest: "Hospice Care Ambulatory"]).isInterventionOrder()) HospiceOrder
        where HospiceOrder.authoredOn during day of "Measurement Period"
    )
    or exists ((([Procedure: "Hospice Care Ambulatory"]).isInterventionPerformed()) HospicePerformed
        where HospicePerformed.performed.toInterval() overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )
    or exists ((([ConditionProblemsHealthConcerns: "Hospice Diagnosis"]
        union [ConditionEncounterDiagnosis: "Hospice Diagnosis"]).verified()) HospiceCareDiagnosis
        where HospiceCareDiagnosis.prevalenceInterval() overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )

define "Has Palliative Care in the Measurement Period":
  exists ((([ObservationScreeningAssessment: "Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Palliative Care Questionnaire (FACIT-Pal)"]).isAssessmentPerformed()) PalliativeAssessment
      where PalliativeAssessment.effective.toInterval() overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
  )
    or exists ((([ConditionProblemsHealthConcerns: "Palliative Care Diagnosis"]
    union [ConditionEncounterDiagnosis: "Palliative Care Diagnosis"]).verified()) PalliativeDiagnosis
        where PalliativeDiagnosis.prevalenceInterval() overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )
    or exists ((([Encounter: "Palliative Care Encounter"]).isEncounterPerformed()) PalliativeEncounter
        where PalliativeEncounter.period overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )
    or exists ((([Procedure: "Palliative Care Intervention"]).isInterventionPerformed()) PalliativeIntervention
        where PalliativeIntervention.performed.toInterval() overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )

define "SDE Sex":
  case
    when Patient.sex = '248153007' then "Male (finding)"
    when Patient.sex = '248152002' then "Female (finding)"
    else null
  end

define "SDE Payer":
  [Coverage: type in "Payer Type"] Payer
    return {
      code: Payer.type,
      period: Payer.period
    }

define "SDE Ethnicity":
  Patient.ethnicity E
    return Tuple {
      codes: { E.ombCategory } union E.detailed,
      display: E.text
    }

define "SDE Race":
  Patient.race R
    return Tuple {
      codes: R.ombCategory union R.detailed,
      display: R.text
    }

define "SDE Sex":
  SDE."SDE Sex"

define "Has Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Resulted During Measurement Period":
  exists ( ["LaboratoryResultObservation": "Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate"] eGFRTest
      where eGFRTest.effective.toInterval ( ) during day of "Measurement Period"
        and eGFRTest.value is not null
        and eGFRTest.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
  )

define "Has Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio Test Resulted During Measurement Period":
  exists ( ["LaboratoryResultObservation": "Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio"] uACRTest
      where uACRTest.effective.toInterval ( ) during day of "Measurement Period"
        and uACRTest.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
        and uACRTest.value is not null
        and ( ( uACRTest.value is Quantity )
            or ( uACRTest.value as System.Concept in "Undetectable Lab Result Value" )
        )
  )

define "Urine Albumin Test Resulted During The Measurement Period":
  ["LaboratoryResultObservation": "Urine Albumin"] AlbuminTest
    where AlbuminTest.effective.toInterval ( ) during day of "Measurement Period"
      and AlbuminTest.value is not null
      and AlbuminTest.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
      and ( ( AlbuminTest.value is Quantity )
          or ( AlbuminTest.value as System.Concept in "Undetectable Lab Result Value" )
      )

define "Urine Creatinine Test Resulted During The Measurement Period":
  ["LaboratoryResultObservation": "Urine Creatinine"] CreatinineTest
    where CreatinineTest.effective.toInterval ( ) during day of "Measurement Period"
      and CreatinineTest.value is not null
      and CreatinineTest.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
      and ( ( CreatinineTest.value is Quantity )
          or ( CreatinineTest.value as System.Concept in "Undetectable Lab Result Value" )
      )

define "Has Urine Albumin Test And Urine Creatinine Test Less Than Or Equal To Four Days Apart":
  exists ( from
      "Urine Albumin Test Resulted During The Measurement Period" UrineAlbuminTest,
      "Urine Creatinine Test Resulted During The Measurement Period" UrineCreatinineTest
      let UrineAlbuminDocumentedTime: UrineAlbuminTest.effective.toInterval ( ),
      UrineCreatinineDocumentedTime: UrineCreatinineTest.effective.toInterval ( )
      where UrineAlbuminDocumentedTime during Interval[start of UrineCreatinineDocumentedTime - 4 days, end of UrineCreatinineDocumentedTime + 4 days]
  )

define "Kidney Panel Resulted During Measurement Period":
  "Has Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Resulted During Measurement Period"
    and ( "Has Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio Test Resulted During Measurement Period"
        or "Has Urine Albumin Test And Urine Creatinine Test Less Than Or Equal To Four Days Apart"
    )

define "Numerator":
  "Kidney Panel Resulted During Measurement Period"

define "Has Outpatient Visit During Measurement Period":
  exists ( ( ["Encounter": "Annual Wellness Visit"]
      union ["Encounter": "Home Healthcare Services"]
      union ["Encounter": "Office Visit"]
      union ["Encounter": "Outpatient Consultation"]
      union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care Services Established Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
      union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care Services Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
      union ["Encounter": "Telephone Visits"] ) ValidEncounter
      where ValidEncounter.period during "Measurement Period"
        and ValidEncounter.status = 'finished'
  )

define "Has Active Diabetes Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period":
  exists ( ["ConditionProblemsHealthConcerns": "Diabetes"]
    union ["ConditionEncounterDiagnosis": "Diabetes"] ) DiabetesDiagnosis
    where DiabetesDiagnosis.prevalenceInterval ( ) overlaps before day of "Measurement Period"
      and ( DiabetesDiagnosis.verificationStatus is not null implies ( DiabetesDiagnosis.verificationStatus !~ QICoreCommon."refuted"
            and DiabetesDiagnosis.verificationStatus !~ QICoreCommon."entered-in-error"
        )
      )

define "Has Active Hypertension Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period":
  exists ( ["ConditionProblemsHealthConcerns": "Essential Hypertension"]
    union ["ConditionEncounterDiagnosis": "Essential Hypertension"] ) HTNDiagnosis
    where HTNDiagnosis.prevalenceInterval ( ) overlaps before day of "Measurement Period"
      and ( HTNDiagnosis.verificationStatus is not null implies ( HTNDiagnosis.verificationStatus !~ QICoreCommon."refuted"
            and HTNDiagnosis.verificationStatus !~ QICoreCommon."entered-in-error"
        )
      )

define "Initial Population":
  AgeInYearsAt(date from start of "Measurement Period") in Interval[18, 85]
    and "Has Outpatient Visit During Measurement Period"
    and ( ( "Has Active Diabetes Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
          and not "Has Active Hypertension Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
      )
        or ( "Has Active Hypertension Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
            and not "Has Active Diabetes Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
        )
        or ( "Has Active Hypertension Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
            and "Has Active Diabetes Overlaps Start Of Measurement Period"
        )
    )

define "Denominator":
  "Initial Population"

define "SDE Payer":
  SDE."SDE Payer"

define "SDE Ethnicity":
  SDE."SDE Ethnicity"

define "Has CKD Stage 5 Or ESRD Diagnosis Overlaps Measurement Period":
  exists ( ( ["ConditionProblemsHealthConcerns": "Chronic Kidney Disease, Stage 5"]
      union ["ConditionEncounterDiagnosis": "Chronic Kidney Disease, Stage 5"]
  )
    union ( ["ConditionProblemsHealthConcerns": "End Stage Renal Disease"]
        union ["ConditionEncounterDiagnosis": "End Stage Renal Disease"]
    ) ) CKDOrESRD
    where CKDOrESRD.prevalenceInterval ( ) overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
      and ( CKDOrESRD.verificationStatus is not null implies ( CKDOrESRD.verificationStatus !~ QICoreCommon."refuted"
            and CKDOrESRD.verificationStatus !~ QICoreCommon."entered-in-error"
        )
      )

define "Denominator Exclusions":
  "Has CKD Stage 5 Or ESRD Diagnosis Overlaps Measurement Period"
    or Hospice."Has Hospice Services"
    or PalliativeCare."Has Palliative Care in the Measurement Period"

define "SDE Race":
  SDE."SDE Race"

/*
@description: Normalizes a value that is a choice of timing-valued types to an equivalent interval
@comment: Normalizes a choice type of DateTime, Quanitty, Interval<DateTime>, or Interval<Quantity> types
to an equivalent interval. This selection of choice types is a superset of the majority of choice types that are used as possible
representations for timing-valued elements in QICore, allowing this function to be used across any resource.
The input can be provided as a DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime> or Interval<Quantity>.
The intent of this function is to provide a clear and concise mechanism to treat single
elements that have multiple possible representations as intervals so that logic doesn't have to account
for the variability. More complex calculations (such as medication request period or dispense period
calculation) need specific guidance and consideration. That guidance may make use of this function, but
the focus of this function is on single element calculations where the semantics are unambiguous.
If the input is a DateTime, the result a DateTime Interval beginning and ending on that DateTime.
If the input is a Quantity, the quantity is expected to be a calendar-duration interpreted as an Age,
and the result is a DateTime Interval beginning on the Date the patient turned that age and ending immediately before one year later.
If the input is a DateTime Interval, the result is the input.
If the input is a Quantity Interval, the quantities are expected to be calendar-durations interpreted as an Age, and the result
is a DateTime Interval beginning on the date the patient turned the age given as the start of the quantity interval, and ending
immediately before one year later than the date the patient turned the age given as the end of the quantity interval.
If the input is a Timing, an error will be thrown indicating that Timing calculations are not implemented. Any other input will reslt in a null DateTime Interval
*/
define fluent function toInterval(choice Choice<DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime>, Interval<Quantity>, Timing>):
  case
	  when choice is DateTime then
    	Interval[choice as DateTime, choice as DateTime]
		when choice is Interval<DateTime> then
  		choice as Interval<DateTime>
		when choice is Quantity then
		  Interval[Patient.birthDate + (choice as Quantity),
			  Patient.birthDate + (choice as Quantity) + 1 year)
		when choice is Interval<Quantity> then
		  Interval[Patient.birthDate + (choice.low as Quantity),
			  Patient.birthDate + (choice.high as Quantity) + 1 year)
		when choice is Timing then
      Message(null, true, 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED', 'Error', 'Calculation of an interval from a Timing value is not supported') as Interval<DateTime>
		else
			null as Interval<DateTime>
	end

/*
@description: Returns an interval representing the normalized prevalence period of a given Condition.
@comment: Uses the ToInterval and ToAbatementInterval functions to determine the widest potential interval from
onset to abatement as specified in the given Condition. If the condition is active, or has an abatement date the resulting 
interval will have a closed ending boundary. Otherwise, the resulting interval will have an open ending boundary.
*/
define fluent function prevalenceInterval(condition Choice<"ConditionEncounterDiagnosis", "ConditionProblemsHealthConcerns">):
if condition.clinicalStatus ~ "active"
  or condition.clinicalStatus ~ "recurrence"
  or condition.clinicalStatus ~ "relapse" then
  Interval[start of condition.onset.toInterval(), end of condition.abatementInterval()]
else
    (end of condition.abatementInterval()) abatementDate
    return if abatementDate is null then
      Interval[start of condition.onset.toInterval(), abatementDate)
    else
      Interval[start of condition.onset.toInterval(), abatementDate]

/*
@description: Returns an interval representing the normalized abatement of a given Condition.
@comment: If the abatement element of the Condition is represented as a DateTime, the result
is an interval beginning and ending on that DateTime.
If the abatement is represented as a Quantity, the quantity is expected to be a calendar-duration and is interpreted as the age of the patient. The
result is an interval from the date the patient turned that age to immediately before one year later.
If the abatement is represented as a Quantity Interval, the quantities are expected to be calendar-durations and are interpreted as an age range during
which the abatement occurred. The result is an interval from the date the patient turned the starting age of the quantity interval, and ending immediately
before one year later than the date the patient turned the ending age of the quantity interval.
*/
define fluent function abatementInterval(condition Choice<"ConditionEncounterDiagnosis", "ConditionProblemsHealthConcerns">):
	if condition.abatement is DateTime then
	  Interval[condition.abatement as DateTime, condition.abatement as DateTime]
	else if condition.abatement is Quantity then
		Interval[Patient.birthDate + (condition.abatement as Quantity),
			Patient.birthDate + (condition.abatement as Quantity) + 1 year)
	else if condition.abatement is Interval<Quantity> then
	  Interval[Patient.birthDate + (condition.abatement.low as Quantity),
		  Patient.birthDate + (condition.abatement.high as Quantity) + 1 year)
	else if condition.abatement is Interval<DateTime> then
	  Interval[condition.abatement.low, condition.abatement.high)
	else null as Interval<DateTime>

define function ToString(value uri): value.value

/*
@description: Converts the given [Period](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Period)
value to a CQL DateTime Interval
@comment: If the start value of the given period is unspecified, the starting
boundary of the resulting interval will be open (meaning the start of the interval
is unknown, as opposed to interpreted as the beginning of time).
*/
define function ToInterval(period FHIR.Period):
    if period is null then
        null
    else
        if period."start" is null then
            Interval(period."start".value, period."end".value]
        else
            Interval[period."start".value, period."end".value]

/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.
*/
define function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):
    if coding is null then
        null
    else
        System.Code {
          code: coding.code.value,
          system: coding.system.value,
          version: coding.version.value,
          display: coding.display.value
        }

//Encounter, Performed
//General usage unless required otherwise by measure intent (e.g., follow-up encounters)
define fluent function isEncounterPerformed(Enc List<Encounter>):
  Enc E
    where E.status = 'finished'

//Assessment, Performed
define fluent function isAssessmentPerformed(Obs List<ObservationScreeningAssessment>):
  Obs O
    where O.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }

//Intervention, Order
define fluent function isInterventionOrder(ServiceRequest List<ServiceRequest>):
  ServiceRequest S
    where S.status in { 'active', 'completed' }
      and S.intent in {'order', 'original-order', 'reflex-order', 'filler-order', 'instance-order'}

//Intervention, Performed
define fluent function isInterventionPerformed(Proc List<Procedure>):
  Proc P
    where P.status ~ 'completed'

//This library contains functions used to constrain FHIR resource elements for measures authored by NCQA, based on QICore 6.0.0 resources including IG and authoring patterns. The functions may appear similar to some QICoreCommon functions but differ in that they have constraints that are relevant for measures authored by NCQA.

//Condition
//Returns conditions in the given list that either have no verification status or have a verification status of confirmed, unconfirmed, provisional, or differential
define fluent function verified(conditions List<Choice<ConditionProblemsHealthConcerns, ConditionEncounterDiagnosis>>):
  conditions C
    where C.verificationStatus is not null implies
      (C.verificationStatus ~ "confirmed"
        or C.verificationStatus ~ "unconfirmed"
        or C.verificationStatus ~ "provisional"
        or C.verificationStatus ~ "differential"
      )